Bigger than CRISPR? A guide to the latest genome editors

Scientists are developing a fast-growing toolkit of gene-editing techniques beyond CRISPR–Cas9 that could replace entire faulty genes with healthy copies—a capability CRISPR struggles with—opening new possibilities for treating genetic diseases.

These methods are still in early stages; none yet has demonstrated the simplicity and versatility of CRISPR–Cas9, and delivery into cells safely remains a key challenge.