Why birds ignore Newton: New theory could sharpen models of flocks, crowds and cells

A Dresden physics team developed a new theory that efficiently describes and simulates nonreciprocal interactions in collective systems like bird flocks, bacteria, and cells—advancing scientific understanding of how these systems actually work beyond classical Newtonian assumptions.

This does not prove the theory is universally applicable or that it will immediately solve practical problems; further validation and real-world testing are needed.