'Kind of miracle solution': How Paris is harnessing the Seine to replace air-con

Paris operates one of the world's largest district cooling networks with 120 km (75 miles) of underground pipes distributing chilled Seine river water to public buildings including the Louvre and Grand Palais. The city plans to triple the system's size, reducing reliance on individual air-conditioning units and addressing the urban heat island effect.

System effectiveness depends on continued infrastructure investment and maintenance as expansion proceeds.